RESHAPING BRAIN N LIFE-2

Evidence is gathering by the day that the brain isn't really an object but a continuous and active process. Thoughts and experiences create new pathways in the brain.

Brain health comes down to a simple-seeming formula: maximize the positive input and minimize the negative input. The result will be positive rather than negative output. To some extent the difference between positive and negative input isn't hard to define:

It's positive to maintain balanced diet, negative to eat an imbalanced one.
It's positive to take regular exercise; it's negative to be sedentary.
It's positive to have good relationships, negative to have stressful ones.

Anyone who has kept pace with the public campaign in prevention can make the list longer; the risk factors for a healthy lifestyle are well known. But this is where the difference between positive and negative get trickier. Information isn't the same as compliance. That Americans are getting more obese and sedentary while consuming massive quantities of sugar and fatty junk food isn't due to lack of information. Non-compliance is about inspiring your brain to function in a better way. This is a role assigned to the mind; the brain can't inspire itself.

But only you can sustain meaning and purpose. For all of its brilliant discoveries, neuroscience can't give your brain meaning, and if you feel that you lack purpose, there is no drug or surgery that will bring it back. At present, the main breakthroughs in neuroscience are medical. Curing organic disorders like Alzheimer's and depression are urgent goals since they undermine anyone's chance to find meaning and purpose.

But our emphasis is to raise the everyday functioning of the brain to a higher level. The baseline brain, as we call it, passively handles everyone's life given the input that is provided. Super brain, on the other hand, goes beyond the baseline brain to actively optimize what the brain can do -- it brings to life hidden potential that exists in everyone's brain. 

                     RESHAPING BRAIN N LIFE

 There are few things one must know about brain-
Your brain is constantly renewing itself.
Your brain can heal its wounds form the past.
Experience changes the brain every day.
The input you give your brain causes it to form new neural pathways.
The more positive the input, the better your brain will function.

  The old view of the brain as fixed for life, constantly losing neurons and declining in function, has been all but abolished. The new brain is a process, not a thing, and the process heads in the direction you point it in. A Buddhist monk meditating on compassion develops the brain circuitry that brings compassion into reality. Depending on the input it receives, you can create a compassionate brain, an artistic brain, a wise brain, or any other kind.

However, as we see it, the agent that makes these possibilities become real is the mind. The brain doesn't create its own destiny. Genetics delivers the brain in a functioning state so that the nervous system can regulate itself and the whole body. It doesn't take your intervention to balance hormone levels, regulate heartbeat, or do a thousand other autonomic functions. But the newest part of the brain, the neocortex, is where the field of possibilities actually lies. Here is where decisions are made, where we discriminate, worship, assess, control, and evolve.

If you think of everyday experience as input for your brain, and your actions and thoughts as output, a feedback loop is formed. The old cliché about computer software - garbage in, garbage out - applies to all feedback loops. Toxic experiences shape the brain quite differently from healthy ones. This seems like common sense, but neuroscience has joined forces with genetics to reveal that right down to the level of DNA, the feedback loop that embraces mind and body is profoundly changed by the input processed by the brain.

Our aim was to cut to the chase. If input is everything, then happiness and well-being are created by giving the brain positive input. Without realizing it, you are here to inspire your brain to be the best it can be. This is much more than positive thinking, which is often too superficial and masks underlying negativity. The input that inspires the brain includes a wide array of things. Everyone wants to experience positive feelings (love, hope, optimism, appreciation, approval) without knowing how to get them. For all the theories that proliferate about happiness, from the brain's perspective, the formula is to maximize the positive messages being received by the cortex and minimize the negative ones.

What this implies isn't a brave new world of thought control or pretending that life is rosy. Life will always present challenges, setbacks, and crises. The point is to create a matrix that will allow you to best adapt to both sides, the light and the dark, of experience. In our book, we were particularly focused on a setup that would take people into old age with a brain that remains dynamic and resilient.

Here is our recommendation, having considered the most up-to-date neuroscience.

Matrix for a Positive Lifestyle
Have good friends.
Don’t isolate yourself.
Sustain a lifelong companionship with a spouse or partner.
Engage socially in worthwhile projects.
Be close with people who have a good lifestyle – habits are contagious.
Follow a purpose in life.
Leave time for play and relaxation.
Keep up satisfying sexual activity.
Address issues around anger.
Practice stress management.
Deal with the reactive mind’s harmful effects: When you have a negative reaction, stop, stand back, take a few deep breaths, and observe how you’re feeling.

Your brain will thrive in such a matrix, even as life brings its ups and downs. But by the same token, the brain can't arrive at any of these things on its own. You are the leader of your brain. We’ll expand on this theme in the next post, since the whole issue of feedback loops turns out to be vital for all kinds of brain functions, including memory and the prevention of feared disorders like Alzheimer's.

LIFE WITHOUT INFLAMATION
How to know you have inflamation--
    A simple test called C reactive protein in blood is raised.
INFLAMATION -GOOD-BAD-UGLY
Everyone who has had a sore throat, rash, hives, or a sprained ankle knows about inflammation. These are normal and appropriate responses of the immune — your body’s defense system — to infection and trauma. This kind of inflammation is good. We need it to survive — to help us determine friend from foe. The trouble occurs when that defense system runs out of control, like a rebel army bent on destroying its own country. Many of us are familiar with an overactive immune response and too much inflammation. It results in common conditions like allergies, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease, and asthma. This is bad inflammation, and if it is left unchecked it can become downright ugly. What few people understand is that hidden inflammation run amok is at the root of all chronic illness we experience—conditions like heart disease, obesity, diabetes, dementia, depression, cancer, and even autism. A study of a generally “healthy” elderly population found that those with the highest levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 (two markers of systemic inflammation) were 260% more likely to die during the next 4 years. The increase in deaths was due to cardiovascular and other causes. 
CAUSES OF INFLAMATION-
* Poor diet—mostly sugar, refined flours, processed foods, and inflammatory fats such as trans and saturated fats
* Lack of exercise
* Stress
* Hidden or chronic infections with viruses, bacteria, yeasts, or parasites
* Hidden allergens from food or the environment
* Toxins such as mercury and pesticides
* Mold toxins and allergens

7 Steps to Living an Anti-inflammatory Life

So once you have figured out the causes of inflammation in your life, gotten rid of them, the next step is to keep living an anti-inflammatory lifestyle. But how do you do that?

Here is what I recommend. It’s a disarmingly simple but extraordinarily effective way to achieve UltraWellness:

1. Whole Foods - Eat a whole foods, high-fiber, plant-based diet, which is inherently anti-inflammatory. That means choosing unprocessed, unrefined, whole, fresh, real foods, not those full of sugar and trans fats and low in powerful anti-inflammatory plant chemicals called phytonutrients.

2. Healthy Fats – Give yourself an oil change by eating healthy monounsaturated fats in olive oil, nuts and avocadoes, and getting more omega-3 fats from small fish like sardines, herring, sable, and wild salmon.

3. Regular Exercise – Mounting evidence tells us that regular exercise reduces inflammation. It also improves immune function, strengthens your cardiovascular systems, corrects and prevents insulin resistance, and is key for improving your mood and erasing the effects of stress. In fact, regular exercise is one among a small handful of lifestyle changes that correlates with improved health in virtually ALL of the scientific literature. So get moving already!

4. Relax - Learn how to engage your vagus nerve by actively relaxing. This powerful nerve relaxes your whole body and lowers inflammation when you practice yoga or meditation, breathe deeply, or even take a hot bath.

5. Avoid Allergens - If you have food allergies, find out what you’re allergic to and get stop eating those foods—gluten and dairy are two common culprits.

6. Heal Your Gut - Take probiotics to help your digestion and improve the balance of healthy bacteria in your gut, which reduces inflammation.

7. Supplement - Take a multivitamin/multimineral supplement, fish oil, and vitamin D, all of which help reduce inflammation.

Taking this comprehensive approach to inflammation and balancing your immune system addresses one of the most important core systems of the body.

In the future, medicine may no longer have specialties like cardiology or neurology or gastroenterology, but new specialists like “inflammologists”.

But by understanding these concepts and core systems that are the basis of healthy living now, you don’t have to wait.

CELLS & ORGANS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM

ADAPTIVE  IMMUNITY

1.GRANULOCYTIC CELLS-

                -Neutrophils

                -Eosinophils

                -Basophils

2-MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES

                Enter from bone marrow as MONOCYTES and migrate to tissue as

                -Microglial cells of CNS

                -Kupffer cells of liver and vascular lining

                -Alveolar macrophages of Lung

3-DENDRITIC CELLS-

                In skin,gut mucosa, alveoli

4-LYMPHOCYSTES

                A-B LYMPHOCYTES-From Bone marrow-Produce antibody as mature plasma cells

                B-T LYMPHOCYTES-Develop in Thymus

                                1-T helper cell with CD4

                                2-CTL-Cytotoxic T lymphocytes with CD8

5-NATURAL KILLER CELLS-Large granular lymphocytes bearing CD16 and CD56-

BONE MARROW,THYMUS,LYMPH NODES,SPLEEN and various Mucosa associated Lymph tissue are associated with development of immune responce.

All cells develop in bone marrow except for follicular dendritic cells.

INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES

Lack Antigen specificity and same set of diffence mechanism for all pathogens.

Earliest barriers to pathogens entry are physical and chemical as cilliary action of bronchial mucosa, enzymes in saliva and sweat, acidity of stomach

PAMP-Pathogen associated Molecular pattern

PRRs- PATTERN recognition Receptors-most important is TLR

                                                                                -NOD-1, NOD-2

When activated lead to production of proinflamatory cytokines ,antiviral cytokines,interferon alfa,

COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

20 SERUM PROTEINS WHICH AMPLIFIES the immune response and a single molecule can trigger thousands of terminal effector molecules.

3 pathways

1-Classical pathway-activated by antigen-antibody complex

2-alternate pathway-activated by polysaccharides of yeasts and gram negative bacteria

3-Mannon binding lecithin pathway-activated by mannose containg protein of bacteria

All pathway activation culminates in activation of C3 and generation of C5-C9 complexes(Membrane attack complex or MAC)

FUNCTION-

1-Lysis of invading bacteria

2-Opsonisation of organisms

3-Clearence of antigen-antibody complex

4-Trigegring specific cell function

               

SOCIAL JUSTICE

What the majority of people need in this country is a financial system that incorporates social justice. In calling it "just capital,"
three aspects of social justice must be addressed:
1. Income inequality -- Capitalism has been described as the best system for building wealth and the worst for distributing it. The right wing uses "redistribution of wealth" as a curse leveled at the Obama administration. Yet their howls of protest mask sheer greed and moral callousness. The upper 0.1 percent of income earners, who largely live off dividends, should do their part in keeping society fair. Wealth carries moral responsibility. Arguments against this principle, although couched as conservatism, are pure injustice of the kind that leads to a society unraveling at the seams.
2. Cronyism, corruption, influence peddling and power mongering -- Delhi has always looked corrupt from outside its borders, but the rise of influence peddling and cronyism under congress has become institutionalized. Government posts are simply the gateway to riches earned as a lobbyist and consultant. The fact that a power brokers can brazenly thrive through influence peddling is a sign that an immoral, unjust system has reached the breaking point.
3. Anti-democracy -- In some countries like Japan and Russia, the ruling elite is unchallenged in their role as managers of corporate, government, and military life.  India isn't supposed to be one of those societies. Our democratic ideals demand a more open system, in which every person has the opportunity to rise through merit and success. But rise of money power in politics has been anti democracy.
Money without merit
Power without resposibility and government without open system of redress is useless.

IN PURSUIT OF UNHAPPINESS

Driven sometimes by ambition and other times by a sense of inner incompleteness, we instinctively immerse ourselves in a myriad of pursuits. We often act out of the fear of losing out, compared to our peers or our social network.

We would rather be overwhelmed than miss out on the slightest chance to please the boss, make more money, enhance our status, accumulate more clothes or gadgets, or go to the extra social event. We also find it hard to let up on instantly responding to text messages, checking our e-mails or facebook accounts multiple times a day or randomly watching television.

What suffers in the process is our attention to our most important priorities – the ones that actually make us feel fulfilled and happier.

STRESS -KILLER

Marital disharmony and job dissatisfaction are the two main mental risk factors for the causation of heart attack. Many studies in the past have linked that there is a strong correlation between a nagging wife and early heart attacks in men. Similarly, literature has shown that work related stress is related to early onset of high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke and heart attacks.
A study from University College, London has shown that chronically stressed workers have a 68% higher risk of developing heart disease, especially in people under the age of 50.

Is stress-related chemical change or stress-related behavior linked to heart disease, is yet to be answered.
Stress-related lifestyle involves eating unhealthy food, smoking, drinking and skipping exercises.
Chemical changes related to chronic stress are increased levels of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Amongst stress, negative stress is more dangerous than positive stress and of negative stress, jealousy, anger and cynicism are associated with heart attack.
The answer lies in managing stress by acting on a personal situation and not reacting to it. In children the same type of stress, especially during exam days, can cause anxiety, insomnia and suicidal attempts.

PARADE AT DYSNEYLAND,HONGKONG

MIND vs BRAIN

Most of us belive that  the brain is in charge, having evolved to control certain fixed behaviors. Why do men see other men as rivals for a desirable woman? Why do people seek God? Why does snacking in front of the TV become a habit? We are flooded with articles and books reinforcing the same assumption: The brain is using you, not the other way around. Yet it's clear that a faulty premise is leading to gross overreach.

The flaws in current reasoning can be summarized with devastating force:

1. Brain activity isn't the same as thinking, feeling, or seeing.

2. No one has remotely shown how molecules acquire the qualities of the mind.

3. It is impossible to construct a theory of the mind based on material objects that somehow became conscious.

4. When the brain lights up, its activity is like a radio lighting up when music is played. It is an obvious fallacy to say that the radio composed the music. What is being viewed is only a physical correlation, not a cause.

It's a massive struggle to get neuroscientists to see these flaws. They are king of the hill right now, and so long as new discoveries are being made every day, a sense of triumph pervades the field. "Of course" we will solve everything from depression to overeating, crime to religious fanaticism, by tinkering with neurons and the kinks thrown into normal, desirable brain activity. But that's like hearing a really bad performance of "Rhapsody in Blue" and trying to turn it into a good performance by kicking the radio.

We've become excited by a flawless 2008 article published by Donald D. Hoffman, professor of cognitive sciences at the University of California Irvine. It's called "Conscious Realism and the Mind-Body Problem," and its aim is to show, using logic, philosophy, and neuroscience, that we are not our brains. We are "conscious agents" -- Hoffman's term for minds that shape reality, including the reality of the brain. Hoffman is optimistic that the thorny problem of consciousness can be solved, and science can find a testable model for the mind. But future progress depends on researchers abandoning their current premise, that the brain is the mind. We urge you to read the article in its entirety, but for us, the good news is that Hoffman's ideas show that the tide may be turning.

It is degrading to human potential when the brain uses us instead of vice versa. There is no doubt that we can become trapped by faulty wiring in the brain -- this happens in depression, addictions, and phobias, for example. Neural circuits can seemingly take control, and there is much talk of "hard wiring" by which some activity is fixed and preset by nature, such as the fight-or-flight response. But what about people who break bad habits, kick their addictions, or overcome depression? It would be absurd to say that the brain, being stuck in faulty wiring, suddenly and spontaneously fixed the wiring. What actually happens, as anyone knows who has achieved success in these areas, is that the mind takes control. Mind shapes the brain, and when you make up your mind to do something, you return to the natural state of using your brain instead of the other way around.

It's very good news that you are not your brain, because when your mind finds its true power, the result is healing, inspiration, insight, self-awareness, discovery, curiosity, and quantum leaps in personal growth. The brain is totally incapable of such things. After all, if it is a hard-wired machine, there is no room for sudden leaps and renewed inspiration. The machine simply does what it does. A depressed brain can no more heal itself than a car can suddenly decide to fly. Right now the golden age of brain research is brilliantly decoding neural circuitry, and thanks to neuroplasticity, we know that the brain's neural pathways can be changed. The marvels of brain activity grow more astonishing every day. Yet in our astonishment it would be a grave mistake, and a disservice to our humanity, to forget that the real glory of human existence is the mind, not the brain that serves it.

WORLD TB DAY

World TB Day

Even singing can spread TB

1. Person–to–person transmission of TB occurs via inhalation of droplet nuclei (airborne particles 1 to 5 microns in diameter).
2. Coughing and singing facilitate formation of droplet nuclei.
3. Persons with active untreated respiratory tract disease (pulmonary or laryngeal) are contagious, particularly when cavitary disease is present or when the sputum is AFB smear–positive.
4. Patients with sputum smear–negative, culture–positive lung TB can transmit infection.
5. Extra pulmonary TB is not contagious unless the person also has lung TB.
6. Many procedures can result in the dispersal of droplet nuclei like endo–tracheal intubation, bronchoscopy, sputum induction, aerosol treatments, irrigation of a TB abscess, and autopsy.
7. Suspect TB if there is persistent (>3 weeks) cough and constitutional symptoms (fever, drenching night sweats, unintentional weight loss).
8. In HIV, the clinical and X–ray presentations of TB are often atypical. Such patients have an increased frequency of extrapulmonary TB and can have pulmonary disease despite a normal chest x–ray.
9. Results of acid–fast smears should be available within 24 hours.
10. Suspected or confirmed cases of TB should be reported promptly to the local public health department in order to expedite contact investigation and to help plan outpatient follow–up.
11. Suspicion of active pulmonary TB should prompt placement in an AII room. Such patients should be educated about the purpose of such isolation and instructed to cover their nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, even when in the room. Whenever possible, procedures should be performed in the AII room to minimize exposure to the rest of the hospital. If the patient must leave the room, a surgical mask must be worn. All other persons entering the room must use respiratory protection, usually an N95 mask.
12. Anti–TB treatment administered during hospitalization should be directly observed therapy (DOT).
13. TB isolation rooms: Negative pressure is employed to prevent the escape of droplet nuclei. To accomplish this goal, doors must be kept closed and negative pressure should be verified daily. There must be 6–12 six air exchanges per hour. If recirculation to general ventilation is unavoidable, HEPA filters must be installed in the exhaust ducts.
14. Respiratory protection masks must filter particles 1 micron in diameter with at least 95% efficiency (N95) given flow rates up to 50 L per minute, must fit to a person’s face with less than 10% seal leakage. Health care workers should use these masks.
15. N 95 mask is designed to filter air before it is inhaled; thus, patients with known or suspected TB should not wear these masks. For the surgical masks are sufficient.
16. A patient may be transferred from an AII room once TB is ruled out or on treatment 3 consecutive sputum samples, obtained on different days, are smear–negative for AFB.
17. For patients with initially positive AFB smears, at least 2 weeks of TB treatment should be administered before isolation is discontinued.
18. For patients with MDR–TB, maintaining isolation throughout hospitalization is prudent.
19. Ideally a TB OPD clinic should be an AII room. If unavailable, an enclosed area should be used and a surgical mask (not an N95 mask) should be placed on the patient. The patient should be instructed to cover the mouth and nose with tissues when sneezing or coughing. If an area other than an AII room is used, it should not be used again for one hour once the patient has left.
20. An individual with AFB smear–positive involving the respiratory tract is generally considered to have been contagious starting three months before the first smear–positive sputum or onset of pertinent symptoms, whichever is earlier.
21. For persons with AFB smear–negative disease, the contagious period is considered to have begun one month before the onset of symptoms.
22. HCWs and patients with potential exposure should be screened (by symptoms and, unless positive at baseline, TST or IGRA) as soon as possible after the exposure. If initial screening is negative testing should be repeated 8 to 10 weeks following the end of the exposure.

URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection encountered in the ambulatory care setting in the United States, accounting for 8.6 million visits in 2007. The self-reported annual incidence of urinary tract infection in women is 12%, and by the age of 32 years, half of all women report having had at least one urinary tract infection.

Clinical Pearls

• What are the risk factors for uncomplicated sporadic and recurrent cystitis and pyelonephritis?
Risk factors for uncomplicated sporadic and recurrent cases of cystitis and pyelonephritis include sexual intercourse, use of spermicides, previous urinary tract infection, a new sex partner (within the past year), and a history of urinary tract infection in a first-degree female relative. Case-control studies have shown no significant associations between recurrent urinary tract infection and precoital or postcoital voiding patterns, daily beverage consumption, frequency of urination, delayed voiding habits, wiping patterns, tampon use, douching, use of hot tubs, type of underwear, or body-mass index.
• Which organisms cause the majority of uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women?
In women, E. coli causes 75 to 95% of episodes of uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis; the remaining cases are caused by other Enterobacteriaceae, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, and gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus). However, the latter two organisms, when isolated from voided urine from women with uncomplicated cystitis, often represent contamination of the voided specimen.

Morning Report Questions

Q: What are the classic symptoms of cystitis versus pyelonephritis and how does one approach the diagnosis?
A: Cystitis is usually manifested as dysuria with or without frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, or hematuria. Clinical manifestations suggestive of pyelonephritis include fever (temperature >38 degrees C), chills, flank pain, costovertebral-angle tenderness, and nausea or vomiting, with or without symptoms of cystitis. Dysuria is also common with urethritis or vaginitis, but cystitis is more likely when symptoms include frequency, urgency, or hematuria; when the onset of symptoms is sudden or severe; and when vaginal irritation and discharge are not present. The only finding on physical examination that increases the probability of urinary tract infection is costovertebral- ngle tenderness (indicating pyelonephritis). Results of a dipstick test for leukocyte esterase or nitrites provide little useful information when the history is strongly suggestive of urinary tract infection, since even negative results for both tests do not reliably rule out the infection in such cases. A urine culture is indicated in all women with suspected pyelonephritis but is not necessary for the diagnosis of cystitis. Studies have shown that the traditional criterion for a positive culture of voided urine (10(5) colony-forming units [CFUs] per milliliter) is insensitive for bladder infection, and 30 to 50% of women with cystitis have colony counts of 10(2) to 10(4) CFUs per milliliter in voided urine. Since most clinical laboratories do not quantify bacteria below a threshold of 10(4) CFUs per milliliter in voided urine specimens, a culture report of “no growth” or “less than 10,000 CFU” in a woman with urinary symptoms should be interpreted with caution.
Q: How should episodes of recurrent cystitis be treated?
A: Episodes of cystitis that occur at least 1 month after successful treatment of a urinary tract infection should be treated with a first-line short-course regimen. If the recurrence is within 6 months, one should consider a first-line drug other than the one that was used originally, especially if trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was used, because of the increased likelihood of resistance. The authors’ recommendations for first-line therapy include nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin, and pivmecillinam. Urinary symptoms that persist or recur within a week or two of treatment for uncomplicated cystitis suggest infection with an antimicrobial-resistant strain or, rarely, relapse. In such women, a urine culture should be performed, and treatment initiated with a broader-spectrum antimicrobial agent, such as a fluoroquinolone.

FDA WARNING ON STATINS

Statins may cause drug-drug interactions for patients taking drugs to treat HIV/AIDS or hepatitis C. FDA singled out atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin for the new warnings and restated a warning about mixing lovastatin with HIV and HCV drugs.
The FDA said that protease inhibitors taken with atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, or lovastatin increase the concentration of statins in the blood, which increases the risk for muscle injuries, including risk for rhabdomyolysis, which can cause permanent damage to the kidneys.
Atorvastatin is contraindicated with tipranavir plus ritonavir, and telaprevir and should be used with caution — at the lowest effective dose — among patients taking lopinavir plus ritonavir.
For patients taking darunavir plus ritonavir, fosamprenavir, forsamprenavir plus ritonavir, or saquinavir plus ritonavir, the atorvastatin dose should be limited to 20 mg daily. In patients taking nelfinavir, daily atorvastatin should not exceed 40 mg.
Rosuvastatin should be limited to 10 mg daily in patients taking altazanavir with or without ritonavir or lopinavir plus ritonavir.
Simvastatin  is contraindicated in patients taking “HIV protease inhibitors, boceprevir or telaprevir.”

CARE FOR CALORIES

Time to eat 100 grams of peanuts: 5-10 minutes
Calories in 100 grams of peanuts: 622
Fat in 100 grams of peanuts: 49 grams
Recommended daily fat intake: 40 grams (approx.)
Time to walk off peanut calories: 2 hours, 21 minutes

Time to eat 100 grams of fresh apricot: 3-5 minutes
Calories in 100 grams of fresh apricot: 45
Sugar in 100 grams of fresh apricot: 8 grams
Time to walk off fresh apricot calories: 10 minutes